今日(ri)（7月29日(ri)）國(guo)家發改委發布《進一步完善分時電價機制的通知》（以下簡稱《通知》）。

 

《通知》要求科學劃分峰谷時段，各地要統籌考慮當地電力系統峰谷差率、新能源裝機占比、系統調節能力等因素，合理確定峰谷電價價差，上年或當年預計最大系統峰谷差率超過40%的地方，峰谷電價價差原則上不低于4:1；其他地方原則上不低于3:1。

 

此外，《通(tong)知(zhi)》還要求各地要結合實際情況在峰谷電價的基礎上推行尖峰電價機制。尖峰時段根據前兩年當地電力系統最高負荷95%及以上用電負荷出現的時段合理確定，并考慮當年電力供需情況、天氣變化等因素靈活調整；尖峰電價在峰段電價基礎上上浮比例原則上不低于20%。

 

《通知》還提到在日內用電負荷或電力供需關系具有明顯季節性差異的地方，要進一步建立健全季節性電價機制，分季節劃分峰谷時段，合理設置季節性峰谷電價價差；水電等可再生能源比重大的地方，要統籌考慮風光水多能互補因素，進一步建立健全豐枯電價機制，豐、枯時段應結合多年來水、風光出力特性等情況合理劃分，電價浮動比例根據系統供需情況合理設置。鼓勵北方地區研究制定季節性電采暖電價政策，通過適當拉長低谷時段、降低谷段電價等方式，推動進一步降低清潔取暖用電成本，有效保障居民冬季清潔取暖需求。

原文如下：

國家(jia)發展改革(ge)委關于

進(jin)一步完(wan)善分時電價機制的(de)通知

發改價格〔2021〕1093號

各(ge)省、自(zi)治(zhi)區、直(zhi)轄市發(fa)展改革委，國家電網(wang)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司、中國南(nan)方電網(wang)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)責(ze)任公司、內蒙古電力（集(ji)團(tuan)）有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)責(ze)任公司：

為貫徹落實黨中央(yang)、國務院關(guan)(guan)于深化電(dian)價改(gai)革、完(wan)善電(dian)價形成機制(zhi)的決策部(bu)署，充分發揮分時電(dian)價信號(hao)作用，服(fu)務以新(xin)能源為主體的新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系統建設，促進能源綠色低碳發展，現就進一步完(wan)善分時電(dian)價機制(zhi)有關(guan)(guan)事項通知(zhi)如下。

一、總體要求

適應新能源大規模發展、電力市場加快建設、電力系統峰谷特性變化等新形勢新要求，持續深化電價市場化改革、充分發揮市場決定價格作用，形成有效的市場化分時電價信號。在保持銷售電價總水平基本穩定的基礎上，進一步完善目錄分時電價機制，更好引導用戶削峰填谷、改善電力供需狀況、促進新能源消納，為構建以新能源為主體的新型電力系統、保障電力系統安全穩定經濟運行提供支撐。

二、優化(hua)分時(shi)電價(jia)機制

（一(yi)）完善峰谷電價(jia)機(ji)制。

1.科學劃(hua)分峰谷時(shi)段(duan)(duan)。各地(di)要統籌考慮(lv)當地(di)電(dian)(dian)力供(gong)需(xu)狀況、系(xi)統用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)負荷(he)特性、新能(neng)源裝機占比(bi)、系(xi)統調節(jie)能(neng)力等因(yin)素(su)，將系(xi)統供(gong)需(xu)緊(jin)張、邊際供(gong)電(dian)(dian)成本高的(de)(de)時(shi)段(duan)(duan)確定為高峰時(shi)段(duan)(duan)，引導(dao)用(yong)(yong)戶節(jie)約用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)、錯(cuo)峰避(bi)峰；將系(xi)統供(gong)需(xu)寬松、邊際供(gong)電(dian)(dian)成本低(di)的(de)(de)時(shi)段(duan)(duan)確定為低(di)谷時(shi)段(duan)(duan)，促(cu)進(jin)新能(neng)源消納、引導(dao)用(yong)(yong)戶調整負荷(he)。可再生能(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)裝機比(bi)重(zhong)高的(de)(de)地(di)方，要充分考慮(lv)新能(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)出力波(bo)動，以及凈(jing)負荷(he)曲線變化特性。

2.合理確(que)定峰(feng)(feng)谷電(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差(cha)。各地(di)要統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)考慮當(dang)地(di)電(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)峰(feng)(feng)谷差(cha)率、新能(neng)源裝機(ji)占比、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)調節能(neng)力(li)(li)等因素，合理確(que)定峰(feng)(feng)谷電(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差(cha)，上年或當(dang)年預計最大系(xi)統(tong)(tong)峰(feng)(feng)谷差(cha)率超(chao)過40%的(de)地(di)方，峰(feng)(feng)谷電(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差(cha)原則(ze)(ze)上不低于4:1；其他地(di)方原則(ze)(ze)上不低于3:1。

（二(er)）建立尖峰電價機制。各地要(yao)結合實際情況在(zai)峰(feng)谷(gu)(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價的基(ji)礎上(shang)推(tui)行尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。尖(jian)峰(feng)時段(duan)根據前兩(liang)年(nian)當地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統最高負(fu)荷95%及以(yi)上(shang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷出現(xian)的時段(duan)合理(li)確定(ding)，并考(kao)慮當年(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供需(xu)情況、天(tian)氣(qi)變(bian)化等(deng)因(yin)素靈(ling)活調(diao)(diao)整；尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價在(zai)峰(feng)段(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價基(ji)礎上(shang)上(shang)浮比例原則(ze)上(shang)不低于20%。熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)聯產(chan)機(ji)(ji)組和可再(zai)生能源裝機(ji)(ji)占(zhan)比大(da)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統階段(duan)性(xing)供大(da)于求矛盾突出的地方，可參照尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)立深(shen)谷(gu)(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。強化尖(jian)峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價、深(shen)谷(gu)(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力需(xu)求側管理(li)政策的銜接協(xie)同，充分挖掘(jue)需(xu)求側調(diao)(diao)節能力。

（三(san)）健(jian)全季節性(xing)電價(jia)機制。日內用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)需關系具有明(ming)顯季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)性(xing)差(cha)異的地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)，要進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)建立(li)健全(quan)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制，分季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)劃(hua)分峰谷時(shi)段(duan)，合理設置季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)性(xing)峰谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價價差(cha)；水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)可(ke)再生能源比重大的地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)，要統(tong)籌考慮風光(guang)水(shui)多能互補(bu)因素，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)建立(li)健全(quan)豐(feng)枯(ku)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制，豐(feng)、枯(ku)時(shi)段(duan)應結(jie)合多年來水(shui)、風光(guang)出力特性(xing)等(deng)(deng)情(qing)況合理劃(hua)分，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價浮動比例根據系統(tong)供(gong)需情(qing)況合理設置。鼓勵北方(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)區研究(jiu)制定(ding)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)采暖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價政(zheng)策(ce)，通過適當拉長低(di)谷時(shi)段(duan)、降低(di)谷段(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)式，推(tui)動進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)降低(di)清潔取暖用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，有效保(bao)障(zhang)居(ju)民(min)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)清潔取暖需求。

三、強(qiang)化分(fen)時電(dian)價機制執行

（一）明確分時電價機制執行范圍(wei)。各地要(yao)(yao)加(jia)快(kuai)將分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)范圍擴大到除國(guo)家有專門規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化鐵路牽引(yin)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)工(gong)商業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)戶(hu)；對部分(fen)(fen)(fen)不(bu)適宜錯峰用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)一般工(gong)商業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)戶(hu)，可研究制定平均(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)（執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格），由用(yong)戶(hu)自(zi)行(xing)選(xuan)擇執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)；不(bu)得(de)自(zi)行(xing)暫停(ting)分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)或縮小執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)范圍，嚴(yan)禁(jin)以完善分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制為名變相實施優惠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)。鼓勵(li)工(gong)商業(ye)用(yong)戶(hu)通(tong)過(guo)配(pei)置儲能(neng)、開(kai)展(zhan)綜合能(neng)源利用(yong)等方(fang)式降低(di)高峰時(shi)段(duan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷、增加(jia)低(di)谷(gu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，通(tong)過(guo)改變用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)段(duan)來降低(di)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本(ben)。有條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)，要(yao)(yao)按程序推(tui)廣居民分(fen)(fen)(fen)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政策，逐步拉大峰谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差。

（二(er)）建立分時(shi)電(dian)價(jia)動態調整機制。各(ge)地要根據當(dang)地電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統用電(dian)(dian)負荷(he)或凈負荷(he)特(te)性(xing)變化，參考電(dian)(dian)力(li)現(xian)貨(huo)市場分(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)信號(hao)，適時(shi)(shi)調整目錄分(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)劃分(fen)、浮動比(bi)例。電(dian)(dian)力(li)現(xian)貨(huo)市場運行的地方要完善市場交(jiao)易規則，合理設定(ding)限價(jia)標準，促進市場形成(cheng)有效的分(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)信號(hao)，為目錄分(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)動態調整提(ti)供(gong)參考。

（三）完(wan)善市場(chang)化電力用戶(hu)執行方式。電力現(xian)貨(huo)市場(chang)尚未運行(xing)(xing)的(de)地方，要完善(shan)中(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)市場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)規則，指(zhi)導市場(chang)主體簽訂中(zhong)長(chang)期(qi)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)合同(tong)時申報(bao)用(yong)電曲線(xian)、反映各時段價(jia)格，原則上峰谷(gu)(gu)電價(jia)價(jia)差不低于目錄(lu)分時電價(jia)的(de)峰谷(gu)(gu)電價(jia)價(jia)差。市場(chang)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)(yi)合同(tong)未申報(bao)用(yong)電曲線(xian)或未形成分時價(jia)格的(de)，結算時購電價(jia)格應按目錄(lu)分時電價(jia)機(ji)制規定的(de)峰谷(gu)(gu)時段及(ji)浮動比例執行(xing)(xing)。

四、加強分(fen)時電價機(ji)制實施保(bao)障

（一）精心組(zu)織實施(shi)。各(ge)(ge)地要充分(fen)(fen)認(ren)識進一步完(wan)善分(fen)(fen)時(shi)電價(jia)機制的重要性、緊迫性和復雜(za)性，在充分(fen)(fen)聽取各(ge)(ge)方(fang)面意見(jian)建議(yi)基(ji)礎上，結合當(dang)地實(shi)際，研(yan)究制定進一步完(wan)善分(fen)(fen)時(shi)電價(jia)機制的具(ju)體措(cuo)施，有關落實(shi)情況(kuang)請于(yu)2021年12月底前報(bao)我委。

（二）做好執行評估。各地要(yao)密切(qie)跟蹤當(dang)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統峰谷(gu)特性(xing)變化，動(dong)態掌握分時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制執行情況，深入評(ping)估分時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制執行效果，發現問題及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)按程序研究解決(jue)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業要(yao)對分時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價收入情況單獨歸集、單獨反映，產生的(de)盈虧(kui)在下一(yi)監管周(zhou)期(qi)省級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價核定時(shi)(shi)(shi)統籌考慮。

（三）強化宣傳引導。各地(di)要(yao)采(cai)取多種形(xing)式全面(mian)準確解讀分(fen)時(shi)電價機(ji)制(zhi)，宣(xuan)傳分(fen)時(shi)電價機(ji)制(zhi)在保(bao)障電力安全供應(ying)、促進新能源(yuan)消納(na)、提升系統(tong)運行效率等方面(mian)的重要(yao)作用，爭(zheng)取各方理解支持，加強輿情監測預(yu)警(jing)，及時(shi)回應(ying)社會關切，確保(bao)分(fen)時(shi)電價機(ji)制(zhi)平穩實施。

現行政策與本通(tong)知不符(fu)的，以本通(tong)知規(gui)定為準。

國家發展改革委

2021年7月26日(ri)

附：國家發(fa)展改(gai)革委有關負(fu)責同志就《關于進一(yi)步完(wan)善(shan)分時電價機(ji)制的通知》答記者問

 

日前，國(guo)家發(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委印發(fa)《關于進一(yi)步(bu)完善(shan)分時電(dian)價機制的通(tong)知(zhi)》，部署各地進一(yi)步(bu)完善(shan)分時電(dian)價機制，服務以新能(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)主體的新型電(dian)力系統建設，促進能(neng)源(yuan)綠(lv)色低碳發(fa)展(zhan)。就《通(tong)知(zhi)》內(nei)容，國(guo)家發(fa)展(zhan)改革(ge)委有關負責同志回答(da)了(le)記者提(ti)問。

 

問：什么是分(fen)時電價機(ji)制，為(wei)什么要(yao)實施分(fen)時電價機(ji)制？

 

答：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能無(wu)法(fa)大規模存儲，生產與消費需要實時平衡(heng)，不同用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時段(duan)所耗用(yong)(yong)(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)資(zi)源不同，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)差異很大。在集中用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的高峰時段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)求緊張，為(wei)保障電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)應，在輸(shu)配環節需要加強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設、保障輸(shu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力(li)(li)，在發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環節需要調動(dong)高成本(ben)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組頂峰發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)相(xiang)對(dui)較高；反之，在用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)較少的低(di)谷時段(duan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供(gong)(gong)求寬松，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)低(di)的機(ji)組發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即可(ke)保障供(gong)(gong)應，供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)相(xiang)對(dui)較低(di)。

 

分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)是基于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能時(shi)(shi)間價(jia)(jia)(jia)值設計的，是引(yin)(yin)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用戶(hu)削峰(feng)填谷(gu)、保障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統安全穩定(ding)經(jing)濟(ji)運行的一(yi)項重要機(ji)制(zhi)安排。分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)又可進(jin)一(yi)步分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)、季節性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)等。峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)是將一(yi)天(tian)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)峰(feng)、平段(duan)、低谷(gu)，季節性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)是將峰(feng)平谷(gu)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)進(jin)一(yi)步按夏季、非夏季等作(zuo)差(cha)別(bie)化安排，對各時(shi)(shi)段(duan)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)制(zhi)定(ding)不同的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)水平，使分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)水平更加(jia)接近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，以充分(fen)(fen)發揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)信(xin)號作(zuo)用，引(yin)(yin)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用戶(hu)盡量在高(gao)峰(feng)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)少(shao)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、低谷(gu)時(shi)(shi)段(duan)多用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從而保障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統安全穩定(ding)運行，提升系(xi)統整體(ti)利(li)用效率(lv)、降低社(she)會總體(ti)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本。

 

問(wen)：現行分時電(dian)價機制(zhi)執行情況如何(he)，發揮(hui)了什么作用(yong)，存在哪些(xie)問(wen)題？

 

答(da)：上世紀80年代初開始，我國逐步在(zai)(zai)各地(di)(di)(di)推行(xing)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制(zhi)(zhi)。截至目前，已有(you)29個省份(fen)實施(shi)了(le)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制(zhi)(zhi)，各地(di)(di)(di)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)具(ju)體執行(xing)上有(you)所不同。例如，各地(di)(di)(di)普遍按(an)日劃分(fen)(fen)峰(feng)、平、谷(gu)時(shi)(shi)段，執行(xing)峰(feng)谷(gu)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價，部分(fen)(fen)省份(fen)在(zai)(zai)此基礎(chu)上增加(jia)了(le)尖峰(feng)時(shi)(shi)段；四(si)川(chuan)等地(di)(di)(di)按(an)月劃分(fen)(fen)豐(feng)水期(qi)(qi)、枯(ku)水期(qi)(qi)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供應(ying)(ying)緊張的枯(ku)水期(qi)(qi)進一(yi)步執行(xing)豐(feng)枯(ku)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價；上海(hai)等地(di)(di)(di)按(an)季(ji)劃分(fen)(fen)夏(xia)季(ji)、非夏(xia)季(ji)，對盛夏(xia)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰(feng)期(qi)(qi)執行(xing)更(geng)高的季(ji)節(jie)性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價。總體來(lai)看，各地(di)(di)(di)分(fen)(fen)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價機制(zhi)(zhi)實施(shi)，有(you)力促進了(le)需(xu)求側移(yi)峰(feng)填谷(gu)，在(zai)(zai)緩解電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供需(xu)矛盾、保障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力安全供應(ying)(ying)、提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統經(jing)濟性(xing)等方面發揮了(le)重要作(zuo)用(yong)。

 

當前，我國新能源裝機規模不斷擴大，電力消費結構加快變化，用電負荷呈現冬夏“雙高峰”特性，電力生產側與消費側雙向大幅波動，保障電力安全經濟運行面臨更大挑戰，對進一步完善分時電價機制提出了迫切要求。各地現行分時電價機制已實施多年，在形勢明顯變化后，存在時段劃分不夠準確、峰谷電價價差仍有拉大空間、尖峰電價機制尚未全面建立，以及分時電價缺乏動態調整機制、與電力市場建設發展銜接不夠等問題，需要適應形勢變化進一步完善。

 

問：當前(qian)，進一步(bu)完善分時電價機制有何積(ji)極意義(yi)？

 

答：當前，進一(yi)步完善分時電(dian)價機制，無(wu)論對短期保障電(dian)力安全(quan)穩定經(jing)濟(ji)運行，還是對中長期實(shi)現碳(tan)達峰(feng)、碳(tan)中和目標都(dou)具有積極意義。

 

近年來，我國能(neng)源消費結構快速(su)變化，用電(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷對氣溫變化更加敏感，電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)負(fu)荷夏、冬(dong)兩季(ji)(ji)尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)化特(te)(te)征日益突出(chu)(chu)。據統(tong)(tong)(tong)計(ji)，各地夏季(ji)(ji)最(zui)熱、冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)最(zui)冷時(shi)段(duan)的(de)全年累計(ji)時(shi)間普遍低于60個小時(shi)，但(dan)對應(ying)的(de)尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)需求可較平時(shi)高出(chu)(chu)1億千瓦以(yi)上，保障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)安(an)全穩定運(yun)行面臨更大挑(tiao)戰，去年以(yi)來部分地方(fang)已不得不實施有(you)序用電(dian)(dian)。進一步完善分時(shi)電(dian)(dian)價機制，特(te)(te)別是優化峰(feng)(feng)(feng)谷電(dian)(dian)價機制、出(chu)(chu)臺尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)價機制，有(you)利于充分發揮電(dian)(dian)價信號作用，引導用戶錯峰(feng)(feng)(feng)用電(dian)(dian)，盡可能(neng)少地啟動(dong)有(you)序用電(dian)(dian)，保障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)安(an)全穩定運(yun)行，降低經濟社會(hui)運(yun)行成本(ben)。

 

同(tong)時，進一步完善(shan)分時電(dian)價，特(te)別是合理拉大峰谷電(dian)價價差，有利于引(yin)導用戶在電(dian)力系統低(di)谷時段多用電(dian)，并為抽水(shui)蓄(xu)能(neng)、新型儲能(neng)發展創造(zao)更大空間，這(zhe)對(dui)促進風電(dian)、光伏發電(dian)等新能(neng)源加(jia)快發展、有效消納，著眼(yan)中長(chang)期實(shi)現碳達峰、碳中和(he)目標具有積極意(yi)義。

 

問：進一步完(wan)善分時(shi)電價機制(zhi)，主(zhu)要完(wan)善了哪些內容？

 

答：此(ci)次主要從六個方面對現行分時電價機制作(zuo)了進一步完善(shan)：

 

一是(shi)優化(hua)(hua)峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)。要求各地(di)結合當地(di)情況(kuang)(kuang)積極優化(hua)(hua)峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)，統籌考慮當地(di)電(dian)力(li)供需(xu)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)(kuang)、新能源裝機(ji)占(zhan)比等(deng)因素，科學劃分峰(feng)谷(gu)時段，合理確定峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差(cha)(cha)(cha)，系統峰(feng)谷(gu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)率超(chao)過(guo)40%的地(di)方(fang)，峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)差(cha)(cha)(cha)原則(ze)(ze)上不(bu)低于4:1；其他地(di)方(fang)原則(ze)(ze)上不(bu)低于3:1。

 

二是建(jian)立尖峰(feng)電(dian)價機(ji)制。要(yao)求各地在峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價的(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)推行尖峰(feng)電(dian)價機(ji)制，主要(yao)基于系統最高負荷情(qing)況(kuang)合理確定尖峰(feng)時段，尖峰(feng)電(dian)價在峰(feng)段電(dian)價基礎上(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)浮比例(li)原則上(shang)(shang)不低于20%。可(ke)參照尖峰(feng)電(dian)價機(ji)制建(jian)立深谷(gu)電(dian)價機(ji)制。

 

三是(shi)建立(li)健全(quan)季(ji)節(jie)性(xing)電價(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)和豐枯電價(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)。要(yao)求日內用電負荷或(huo)電力供需關系具有明顯季(ji)節(jie)性(xing)差異的(de)地(di)方，健全(quan)季(ji)節(jie)性(xing)電價(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)；水(shui)電等可再生能源(yuan)比(bi)重大的(de)地(di)方，建立(li)健全(quan)豐枯電價(jia)(jia)機制(zhi)(zhi)，合理(li)確定時段劃分、電價(jia)(jia)浮動比(bi)例。

 

四是明確分時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制執行范圍(wei)(wei)。要求(qiu)各地(di)加快將分時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)機制執行范圍(wei)(wei)擴大(da)到(dao)除國(guo)家有專門規定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化鐵(tie)路(lu)牽(qian)引用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)外的執行工商業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)；對部分不適宜(yi)錯峰用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的一般工商業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)，可研究制定平(ping)均(jun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，由用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)自(zi)行選擇執行。

 

五是建立動態調整機(ji)制。要求各地(di)根據當地(di)電(dian)力(li)系統用電(dian)負(fu)荷(he)或凈負(fu)荷(he)特(te)性(xing)變化(hua)，參(can)考電(dian)力(li)現貨市場(chang)分(fen)時(shi)電(dian)價信(xin)號，適時(shi)調整目錄分(fen)時(shi)電(dian)價時(shi)段劃(hua)分(fen)、浮動比例。

 

六是加強與電力市場的銜接。要求電力現貨市場尚未運行的地方，電力中長期市場交易合同未申報用電曲線或未形成分時價格的，結算時購電價格應按目錄分時電價機制規定的峰谷時段及浮動比例執行。

 

問：進(jin)一步完善分(fen)時(shi)電價機制，最大的亮(liang)點是什么？

 

答(da)：剛才講到，此次主(zhu)要從六個方面對(dui)現(xian)行分時(shi)電(dian)價機制作(zuo)了進(jin)一(yi)步完(wan)善，亮(liang)點(dian)不(bu)少(shao)，其中最大(da)的亮(liang)點(dian)是合理拉(la)大(da)了峰谷電(dian)價價差，這為引導電(dian)力用(yong)戶(hu)削峰填谷、促進(jin)儲能加快發(fa)展釋放(fang)了清晰(xi)強烈的價格信號。

 

合(he)理的(de)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價價差，對發(fa)揮電(dian)價信號作用、引導電(dian)力(li)用戶削峰(feng)(feng)填谷(gu)非常關鍵。此次完善，對合(he)理設定(ding)峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價價差提出了兩個(ge)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)要求(qiu)：一是(shi)(shi)要求(qiu)電(dian)力(li)系統峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)差率超過40%的(de)地(di)方(fang)(fang)，峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價價差原(yuan)則上(shang)不低(di)(di)于(yu)4?1，其(qi)他地(di)方(fang)(fang)原(yuan)則上(shang)不低(di)(di)于(yu)3?1；二是(shi)(shi)要求(qiu)各地(di)建立尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)電(dian)價機制，尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)時段(duan)根據前兩年當地(di)電(dian)力(li)系統最高負(fu)荷(he)95%及以上(shang)用電(dian)負(fu)荷(he)出現的(de)時段(duan)合(he)理確(que)定(ding)，尖(jian)峰(feng)(feng)電(dian)價在峰(feng)(feng)段(duan)電(dian)價基礎上(shang)上(shang)浮比(bi)例原(yuan)則上(shang)不低(di)(di)于(yu)20%。

 

上(shang)述安排，既可(ke)確(que)保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)差大、安全穩(wen)定運行(xing)保(bao)障難度大的地(di)方(fang)，能(neng)夠形成有效(xiao)的峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)(jia)差，引(yin)導用戶在(zai)高峰(feng)(feng)時(shi)段少(shao)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)、在(zai)低谷(gu)時(shi)段多用電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并為抽水蓄能(neng)、新型儲能(neng)等系統調節能(neng)力(li)加快發展提供更大空(kong)間，促進新能(neng)源(yuan)的生產和消(xiao)納；也兼顧到了系統峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)差相對小(xiao)的地(di)方(fang)的實(shi)際情(qing)況，避免不(bu)必要(yao)的拉大峰(feng)(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)(jia)差影響用戶正常用電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

 

問：進(jin)一(yi)步完善分時電價機制(zhi)，對企業用電成本有何(he)影響？

 

答：此次進一步完善分時電價機制，繼續堅持了一項基本原則，即保持電網企業的銷售電價總水平基本穩定。也就是說，進一步完善分時電價機制，對社會總體用電成本影響較小，電網企業不會因此“多收錢”。具體看，由于合理拉大了峰谷電價價差，高峰時段的電價會有所上調，低谷時段的電價會有所下調，能夠錯峰用電、在低谷時段多用電的用戶用電成本會下降，在高峰時段用電的用戶用電成本會有所上升，即需要承擔高峰時段增加的供電成本，這符合“誰受益、誰承擔”的原則。考慮到部分商業用戶錯峰用電難度大，同時明確對部分不適宜錯峰用電的一般工商業電力用戶，各地可研究制定平均電價，由用戶自行選擇。

 

需要指出的是，分(fen)時電(dian)價機制的實施，可有(you)效(xiao)減少一些(xie)不(bu)必要的輸配電(dian)、發電(dian)資(zi)源投入，提升電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統運行效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)經濟性，有(you)利(li)于從總(zong)體上降低(di)全社會(hui)用電(dian)成本。

 

問：進一(yi)步(bu)完善分時電價機制(zhi)，對居民用(yong)電價格有影(ying)響(xiang)嗎？

 

答：此次完善，明確有條件的地方，要按程序推廣居民峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)機(ji)制，逐(zhu)步拉大峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)(dian)價(jia)價(jia)差，引導居民用戶在高峰(feng)時(shi)段少用電(dian)(dian)、低谷(gu)時(shi)段多用電(dian)(dian)，發(fa)揮削峰(feng)填(tian)谷(gu)的作用。

 

目前，有(you)14個省份出臺了(le)居(ju)民峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)政策，峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)價(jia)(jia)(jia)差相(xiang)對較小(xiao)，一(yi)些地方僅設定(ding)平段電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)和谷(gu)段電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，未設定(ding)高峰(feng)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)，且(qie)多數地方允(yun)許居(ju)民用戶(hu)自行選擇(ze)是(shi)否執行峰(feng)谷(gu)電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)。總的(de)看，此次進一(yi)步完善分時電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)機制，對居(ju)民用電(dian)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)的(de)影響較小(xiao)。